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Stone Basements & Foundations

At RL Masonry LLC, we expertly create stone basements and foundations that are built to last. Trust our skilled team to transform your vision into reality with unparalleled craftsmanship and service. We take pride in crafting durable stone basements and foundations that stand the test of time. Let our expert team bring your vision to life with quality craftsmanship and exceptional service.

Stone Basement
RL Masonry LLC- Brick Foundation

Stone Basements

  • Historical Context:

    Stone foundations were common before World War I and were often built into older homes, particularly farmhouses, using locally sourced fieldstone, limestone, or other stones. 

  • Construction:

    They consist of stones carefully laid and interlocked, with a lime-based mortar used to bind them together, forming a durable wall. 

  • Durability:

    When properly built, stone foundations are incredibly durable and can last for centuries. 

Stone basements, built from natural stones and lime-based mortar, are durable and long-lasting foundations found in older homes; however, they are prone to water. Common signs of problems include crumbling mortar, wet or musty smells, efflorescence (white powdery residue), and bowing or bulging walls.

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Different types of stone basements

  • Rubble Stone Foundations

    • These are built with flat, irregularly shaped stones of varying sizes. 

    • They often lack a binding agent, which can lead to moisture issues. 

    • * Example: A foundation built with large, random rocks of different shapes. 

  • Fieldstone Foundations

    • Similar to rubble stone, but uses stones that are more uniform in size and shape. 

    • These stones are fitted together without a binding agent. 

    • They are common in homes built before the early 1900s and are found in places like the Northeast, according to Reddit, using irregular stones found locally. 

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  • Dressed Stone / Cut Stone Foundations

    • This type uses stones that have been cut or shaped into more uniform blocks. 

    • The cut stones are then bound together with mortar or concrete to form the foundation walls. 

  • Limestone and Sandstone Foundations

    • These are made from softer stones, such as limestone or sandstone. 

    • They can be constructed using either cut blocks or rubble stones. 

    • A simple test is to try scratching an inconspicuous area with a screwdriver; sandstone will scratch easily, and limestone will scratch with a bit more effort

Stone Foundations

Stone foundations are structurally sound, natural building components known for their longevity and eco-friendliness but can be susceptible to water leaks and may require specialized repair methods like repointing to maintain integrity.

They provide excellent support but demand proper installation, maintenance, and moisture management to prevent issues such as mold growth, odor, and potential undermining from water. While initial installation costs can be high, long-term maintenance is generally low, and they offer a durable, environmentally friendly solution when properly managed. 

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Common Problems (& Solutions) of stone basements and foundations:

Common Problems

  • Water Seepage:

    The primary weakness of stone foundations is water penetration, which can occur through gaps in the stones and mortar. 

  • Deteriorating Mortar:

    Over time, the lime mortar can deteriorate, leading to crumbling and missing mortar between stones, creating pathways for water. 

  • Structural Issues:

    Deterioration can lead to loose stones and a lack of structural stability, with symptoms including bowing or bulging walls. 

  • Moisture-Related Problems:

    Water can lead to a musty smell in the basement, pooling water, and the growth of mold and mildew. 

  • Efflorescence:

    White, powdery deposits on the stone surfaces are a sign of moisture passing through the wall. 

Solutions and Repairs

  • Waterproofing:

    • Exterior Waterproofing: This involves excavating the area outside the foundation down to its base and applying a waterproof coating. 

    • Interior Drainage: A proven subfloor system can collect groundwater and discharge it from the house, preventing water from entering the basement. 

  • Mortar Repair (Repointing):

    Damaged or deteriorating mortar joints should be repaired by repointing them to restore the foundation's structural integrity. 

  • Addressing the Source:

    It is crucial to address the source of water penetration to prevent further damage. 

  • Professional Help:

    For significant issues like bowing walls, structural instability, or extensive water problems, professional help from a basement waterproofing and foundation repair company is recommended. 

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